Unit 4 Idenitification

Research the Innocence Project. Prepare a detailed history of its functions, its purpose, those it has helped, the problems they encounter, why they can’t help some people.

This paper should be no less than 4 pages.  

RESPOND TO 2 PEER POSTS, INCLUDE CITATIONS

BMGT DISCUSSIONS

AUSTIN’S POST:

Analyze and recommend whether Tacy should be an employee of Clean or an independent contractor?  Explain why.

In deciding if Clean should hire George Tacy as a full time employee of Clean or sign a contract to have him be an independent contractor there are multiple variables to weigh. My personal opinion would be that Clean should hire Tacy as a full time employee. This move would give Clean more control over Tacy’s work agenda, as well as having the comfort of knowing Tacy is working 100% to fill his commitment to Clean and not distracted by other outside offers or contracts. Also if you sign Tacy as an employee he can not only fulfil his commitment of recommending/hiring IT employees, but he can also help with their onboarding process and give these new employees guidance and help as they begin their new role with the Clean company. On the other hand as an independent contractor, Tacy would be able to to recommend Clean to prospective candidates from an outside position, rather than try to sell these candidates on Clean while also being a full time employee. This could also work against Clean, because as an independent contractor, Tacy may not be loyal to Clean and may either misrepresent Clean’s values or not work his hardest on selling candidates on Clean. Being an independent contractor may also make compensation and benefits more difficult for Clean, compared to paying a full time employee of the company. In my opinion their are more benefits to hiring Mr. Tacy as a full time employee, rather than a independent contractor and would recommend to Winne and Ralph that they hire him full time to join the Clean family.

References:

Saylor.org. (2022). Relationships between Principal and Agent. Saylor.Org. Retrieved February 25, 2022, from  https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_law-for-entrepreneurs/s23-relationships-between-principa.html

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CHRISTINE’S POST:

Analyze and recommend whether Tacy should be an employee of Clean or an independent contractor?  Explain why.

ANS: 

I would recommend Tacy to be an employee of Clean because by doing so, she will benefit from the principal/agent relationship. Once Tacy enters into this relationship, she is legally bind to act on behalf of her principal and the principal has the duty to honor any contract she makes with the agent (Tacy), to deal fairly with the agent and to indemnify the agent if following the principal’s directions gets the agent in trouble. (Fraser Sheman, 2018). On the other hand, Tacy will be given three authorities namely, Express authority (In this type of authority, the principal says what they want the agent to do) The second one is Implied authority where the agent takes actions necessary to carry out the principal’s express orders. Lastly, Apparent authority is when the agent deals with a third party and appears to be acting for the principal. Even if the agent exceeds his authority, the third party may be able to hold the principal to the deal. (Fraser Sheman, 2018). Aside from all this, she has the duty to act in the best interest of the principal at all times, never doing business for her own personal gain. Most of the liability under the principal/agent relationship or contract falls on the principal hence beneficial to the agent.

Although that might not be the case every time as there are also some disadvantages associated with such a relationship. In most cases, the principal always acts in their own best interest, the agent will put in their very best to ensure the business runs smoothly but at the ed of the day, they do not see the profit. The other downside of principal/agent relationship is that there is close monitoring by the principal of the agent is performing her work hence the agent has less freedom to work peacefully. ( 

Reference

Fraser Sheman., (June 2018). The Definition of Principal Vs. Agent. Retrieved from  https://work.chron.com/definition-principal-vs-agent-14381.html .

Wolfram Muller-Freienfels. Agency Law. Retrieved from  https://www.britiannica.com/topic/agency/law .

Liability of Principal and Agent; Termination of Agency. Retrieved from  https://saylordotorg.github.io/text-law-for-enterpreneurs/s24-liability-of-principal-and-age.html. 

AASP DISCUSSIONS

ARMOND’S POST:

In the Reveal podcast episode, “Banking on inequality,” Sarah Gonzalez reviews how Paycheck Protection Program loans were unequally distributed among local businesses. In her findings, she noted that only 32% of businesses in predominantly black neighborhoods received PPP loans, while 61% of businesses in predominately white areas received them (Gonzalez, 2021). Furthermore, only 10% of businesses in majority Latino communities received these loans (Gonzalez, 2021). One cause cited for the disproportionate allocations was the business owners’ relationships with banks finding that many banks were serving current clients first even with the knowledge that it would negatively impact minority-owned businesses (Gonzalez, 2021). Compounding on this is the fact that most minority-owned businesses are small businesses, and these were the ones receiving the least help from the program (Gonzalez, 2021). 

These findings demonstrate the privilege whites have had and continue to have in this country even with over a century and a half of progress. Like in the case of early African American business ownership after the reconstruction period, minority business owners today were able to adapt to the unjust struggles they were faced with through community support. However, an ability to adapt to such a struggle, particularly during a crisis of such scale, would never be required of a party genuinely being treated as equal. This leads to the fact that, as has been shown through history, African Americans and minorities in America are left to bear burdens that whites and the systems whites created placed upon them. 

While the current situation has variations on past acts of discrimination, it does eerily resemble the mentality of “separate but equal” in that PPP loans were technically made available equally to all but clearly were far from equal. It’s worth noting that there are distinct differences between the two, but the similarities are more troubling. For instance, a difference may be that “separate but equal” was made explicitly known, while PPP’s discriminatory distributions were not initially known to the public. However, in both cases, those in power were aware of the effects of their actions; in the case of PPP, banks were aware that their distribution methods would negatively afflict minority-owned businesses. So it seems the mentality of discrimination has changed little while the techniques have only become more refined. 

Source:

Gonzalez, S. G. (2021, May 1). Banking on inequity. Reveal. Retrieved February 26, 2022, from  https://revealnews.org/podcast/banking-on-inequity/

GLORIA’S POST:

The Podcast that I chose was Witnessing Black History, Brown v. the Board of Education, and his daughter, Cheryl Brown Henderson, was being interviewed. Most African Americans in the United States had become sick and tired of their encounters with racism and discrimination. Now, it was affecting their children, and something had to be done. The time period was during the early 1950s.

Oliver Brown had been raised in Topeka, KS, and lived there his entire life. He worked as a welder and was studying to become a pastor. During that time, there were only four elementary schools that were segregated. When attending school, his eight-year-old daughter had to walk through a dangerous rail yard to catch the school bus, and then ride for a mile to the black school. However, there was a white elementary school a lot closer to their home. In 1951, Brown went to enroll his daughter in the white school, but was turned down along with other black families trying to enroll their children as well. The Topeka Board of Education denied all of their enrollment requests (Carriuolo, 2004).

The families, then, decided to challenge the decision in refusing their children admission to the white school. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) provided legal assistance. However, the district court ruled in favor of the school board referring to the 1896 U.S. Supreme Court ruling, Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring segregation legal provided separate but equal facilities existed.

During 1952, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear arguments concerning segregation in public schools. There were a total of five different cases under the name Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that included Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, and the District of Columbia (Neal & Moore, 2004). Many children who lived in South Carolina and Virginia did not begin school until aged seven or eight years. Some of the black schools were five or more miles away from their homes and it was too far a distance to walk at five or six years of age. At various times, school busses with white children would pass the black children walking to school and would throw things at them and call them names from the windows in the bus.

There were a total of 13 families on the roster of the NAACP case and Oliver Brown was the tenth plaintiff to sign on but he turned out to be the main plaintiff in the case. It, probably, was due to the fact that the other 12 plaintiffs were all females and he was the only male. It took a lot of courage for Brown and the other plaintiffs to proceed with their fight against racial injustice (Russo, 2004).

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS, was filed in 1951. The Superintendent of Schools in Topeka, KS, had written and sent letters to black teachers informing them that if the Supreme Court ruling favored the blacks, many of them would lose their jobs. He felt that many white parents would not have their children being taught by black teachers. The NAACP’s leading attorney, Thurgood Marshall, argued the case before the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1954, the court, unanimously, ruled that segregation of public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional, and violated the 14th amendment (Carriuolo, 2004). The case was a huge victory in the long battle for civil rights in America. Also, it struck down “separate but equal,” in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision.

This relates to racism, discrimination, and denial of rights under the U.S. Constitution. The NAACP was a Godsend for most African Americans who did not possess the funds for legal fees and the strategy that it used in combining the five similar cases of segregation in schools in other states. 

References

Carriuolo, Nancy E. (2004). 50 Years after Brown v. the Board of Education: An interview with Cheryl Brown Henderson. Journal of Development Education 27 no3 20-2, 24, 26-7 Spr 2004. 8 pp.   

Neal, La Vonne I, & Moore, Alicia L. (2004). Their Cries Went up together: Brown ET AL v. Board of Education then and now. Journal of Curriculum & Supervision. Fall 2004, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p5-13.

Russo, Charles J. (2004). Brown v. Board of Education at 50; an update on school desegregation in the US. Education and the Law, Vol. 16, Nos. 2-3, June/September 2004

Witness Black History Podcast: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01h9d10/episodes/downloads

FEEDBACK

Overall Feedback

Thank you for your participation. Below you will find a few comments that will help with improving your posts and raising your scores in the future:

Make sure that you are using course readings first before consulting outside sources. These readings are required reading by all students in the course and the weekly discussion questions offer you the opportunity to display your comprehension of these readings.

Good engagement with your peers, but continue to work on expanding those posts using the tips provided during Week 1.

Be careful of making generalizations that are not supported by evidence and that are in fact inaccurate. A number of these generalizations can be found in your posts. For example, you note in one of your posts that “[b]lack people were poorer than the whites.” This could be true in some places at some times, but this was not necessarily true at all times, particularly in the earliest days of settlement when indentured servants, black and white, worked alongside each other and occupied similar a social/class status in society.

Overall Feedback

Continue to work on expanding your peer responses. Also, work on including multiple sources in your Initial Post. Your post this week relied heavily on one source and thus seemed underdeveloped.

Term Paper (see instructions)

Instructions

ECON 203 6381 Principles of Microeconomics (2222) EG

ECON 203 Project Description (Term Paper)

Due at the end of week 7

Select at least two articles that discuss the economic concept that you chose as a topic for

your term paper.

At least one article should be dated within the previous year.

Please note that the goal of this assignment is to read, understand, and discuss recent news

using microeconomic terminology. The articles should be from an on-line newspaper or

magazine. Materials posted on educational websites, like www.thebalance.com,

www.khanacademy.org , and so on, are not considered news articles even if they were

recently updated and contain material related to the term paper topic.

The Term paper should have the following structure:

Abstract (0.25 of a page) – the short description of the concepts, problems, questions

discussed in the Term paper.

Introduction (0.25 of a page) (optional)

Literature Review (about 1 page) – please compare and contrast the opinions of the

authors of the articles, present the important information, data, statistics to support

your conclusions. It is important that the Literature review is written in your own

words with small quotes from the article. All quotes must have references in

accordance with the 7th Edition APA Style.

Discussion (about 1 page) – Your task for this part of the Term paper is to analyze the

issue described in the articles using the economic concepts and theory learned in this

class. Refer to the course content materials and use specific economic vocabulary

within your term paper. The articles you choose may not use these exact terms;

therefore, it is incumbent upon you to convert the article language into economic

language as is appropriate. Include at least one graph developed in our course.

https://learn.umgc.edu/d2l/le/content/622963/navigateContent/4419/Previous?pId=25297630

https://learn.umgc.edu/d2l/le/content/622963/navigateContent/4419/Next?pId=25297630

https://learn.umgc.edu/d2l/home/622963

http://www.thebalance.com%2C/

https://www.khanacademy.org

Conclusion (0.25 of a page)

The Term paper should be the title page and sub-titles that correspond to the structure

described above.

Please note the Term paper should be written in your own words. You can use short quotes

from the article(s) to support your statements. However the size of these quotes should be

reduced to minimum. No more than 20% of the text of the term paper should be made up of

quotes. (less is better!!!).

Please also avoid copying the materials from any textbooks, including our textbook.

Please note that this is the course of microeconomics, so you should choose the concepts

related to microeconomics (not macroeconomics).

Possible concepts include: (feel free to call me to discuss your choice of topic)

taxes and consumer or producer surplus

elasticity on a particular product

perfect competition

imperfect competition, such as monopolies

monopolistic competition

oligopoly

labor market,

wage determination

income inequality

poverty and public policy

another topic selected by the professor

Format of the Paper:

Written projects:

Must be typed, double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman or Arial font, with one-

inch margins

Must have the title page in APA-7th style

Must have in-text citations in APA-7th edition style

Must have reference list in APA-7th edition style. Please note that you must reference

the data you are using for the project

Must be prepared using word processing software (Microsoft Word preferred)

The Term Paper must be posted to the LEO Student Assignments as a Attachments are

limited to a maximum two files in doc, docx., xls. xlsx., or rtf. formats. OTHER FORMATS

ECON 203 Project Description (T… (18.73 KB)

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The Term Paper should be about 2-3 double-spaced typewritten pages (plus tables and

graphs)

Please note that hand-written and scanned works, pdf. files, jpg. files, as well as files posted

in google drive, will not be accepted or graded.

Please note that starting from the Fall 2020 semester the UMGC moved to the 7th Edition

of the APA Style. The links to the 7th Edition of the APA Style methodology are posted in

Content – Course Resources – Writing Resources.

Please note that Use of 7th Edition APA Citation Methodology is required for the assignment

The links to APA citation methodology are posted in Content – Course Resources – Writing

Resources.

In accordance with the UMUC Academic Policy, notes taken for papers and research

projects should accurately record sources of material to be cited, appropriately quoted, or

summarized, and papers and research projects should acknowledge these sources in the

appropriate places in the text of the paper as well as in a reference list at the end of the

paper, in accordance with accepted citation practices.

All works must be Word processed. Handwritten and scanned work will not be accepted and

graded.

https://learn.umgc.edu/d2l/le/dropbox/622963/1240150/DownloadAttachment?fid=57606238

Due March 1 at 11:59 PM

Task: Submit to complete this assignment Assessment